Sources
Every source the library's pages cite, 5,725 in all. Each page numbers its own sources at the bottom and links here. This list is built from the same records as the pages, so it changes whenever they do.
- 1,499 Systematic review, meta-analysis or consensus statement
- 4,097 Peer-reviewed study or narrative review
- 119 Standard anatomy or physiology reference
- 10 Position stand of a professional body
Every source here has a recorded check against Crossref, PubMed or the publisher's own page confirming it is the work cited, dated between September 28, 2026 and October 25, 2026. Every source with a DOI or PubMed ID (5,709 of these) is scheduled for a weekly re-check against Crossref and PubMed for retractions, expressions of concern and corrections. A source marked as retracted is taken off this list. How the library is made.
5,725 sources
Aandstad A (2021). Reference data on anthropometrics, aerobic fitness and muscle strength in young Norwegian men and women. European journal of applied physiology.
Cited in Pull-up
Aasa U, Aasa U, Svartholm I et al. (2017). Injuries among weightlifters and powerlifters: a systematic review. British journal of sports medicine.
Cited in Free weights and machines, Power clean, Resistance training
Abazović E, Kovačević E, Nakić J et al. (2023). The effectiveness of unilateral isokinetic resistance training on cross-education is independent of contraction velocity: a case of female dorsiflexors and plantar flexors. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research.
Cited in Tibialis raise
Abbasi S, Rahmatzadeh D, Minoonejad H et al. (2025). The effect of fatigue on dynamic knee valgus during landing tasks: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation.
Cited in Drop landing
Abdelrahman S, Purcell M, Rantalainen T et al. (2022). Fibula response to disuse: a longitudinal analysis in people with spinal cord injury. Archives of osteoporosis.
Cited in Fibula
Abe T, Counts BR, Barnett BE et al. (2015). Associations between Handgrip Strength and Ultrasound-Measured Muscle Thickness of the Hand and Forearm in Young Men and Women. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.
Cited in Forearm flexors
Abelleyra Lastoria DA, Gopinath V, Divekar O et al. (2023). Does medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction result in femoral tunnel enlargement? A systematic review. Knee surgery & related research.
Cited in Medial patellofemoral ligament
Abi-Rafeh J, Mojtahed Jaberi M, Kazan R et al. (2022). Utility of Ultrasonography and Significance of Surgical Anatomy in the Management of de Quervain Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Cited in De Quervain's tenosynovitis, First dorsal compartment tendons
Abián P, Martínez F, Jiménez F et al. (2020). Effects of Eccentric Single-Leg Decline Squat Exercise on the Morphological and Structural Properties of the Vastus Lateralis and Patellar Tendon. International journal of environmental research and public health.
Cited in Decline squat, Eccentric training
Abián-Vicén J, Martínez F, Jiménez F et al. (2022). Effects of Eccentric Single-Leg Decline Squat Training Performed With Different Execution Times on Maximal Strength and Muscle Contraction Properties of the Knee Extensor Muscles. Journal of strength and conditioning research.
Cited in Decline squat
Abichandani D, Ting JTY, Cancino EE et al. (2023). Measures of neck muscle strength and their measurement properties in adults with chronic neck pain-a systematic review. Systematic reviews.
Cited in Neck isometric hold
Aboodarda SJ, Page PA, Behm DG (2016). Muscle activation comparisons between elastic and isoinertial resistance: A meta-analysis. Clinical Biomechanics.
Cited in Elastic resistance training
Abourisha E, Srinivasan AS, Barakat A et al. (2024). Surgical management of cubital tunnel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Journal of orthopaedics.
Cited in Cubital tunnel syndrome
Abrahams S, Fie SM, Patricios J et al. (2014). Risk factors for sports concussion: an evidence-based systematic review. British journal of sports medicine.
Cited in Concussion
Abrams RA, Brown RA, Botte MJ (1992). The superficial branch of the radial nerve: an anatomic study with surgical implications. The Journal of hand surgery.
Cited in De Quervain's tenosynovitis, First dorsal compartment tendons, Radial nerve
Abuín-Porras V, de la Cueva-Reguera M, Benavides-Morales P et al. (2019). Comparison of the Abdominal Wall Muscle Thickness in Female Rugby Players Versus Non-Athletic Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. Medicina (Kaunas).
Cited in External oblique, Internal oblique
Abuqubo R, Graefe SB, La Rose J (2026). Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Leg Posterior Compartment. StatPearls.
Acevedo JI, Beskin JL (1998). Complications of plantar fascia rupture associated with corticosteroid injection. Foot & ankle international.
Cited in Plantar fascia
Ackerman KE, Singhal V, Baskaran C et al. (2019). Oestrogen replacement improves bone mineral density in oligo-amenorrhoeic athletes: a randomised clinical trial. British journal of sports medicine.
Cited in Relative energy deficiency in sport
Ackland DC, Pak P, Richardson M et al. (2008). Moment arms of the muscles crossing the anatomical shoulder. Journal of Anatomy.
Cited in Deltoid, Pectoralis major, Pectoralis major tendon
Ackland DC, Pandy MG (2011). Moment arms of the shoulder muscles during axial rotation. Journal of Orthopaedic Research.
Cited in Teres minor
Adams MA, Hutton WC (1980). The effect of posture on the role of the apophysial joints in resisting intervertebral compressive forces. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.
Cited in Lumbar vertebrae, Spine
Adams MA, Hutton WC, Stott JR (1980). The resistance to flexion of the lumbar intervertebral joint. Spine.
Cited in Knee-to-chest stretch
Adams MA, Hutton WC (1985). Gradual disc prolapse. Spine.
Cited in Intervertebral disc
Adams MA, Dolan P, Hutton WC et al. (1990). Diurnal changes in spinal mechanics and their clinical significance. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.
Cited in Intervertebral disc, Spine
Adams MA, Roughley PJ (2006). What is intervertebral disc degeneration, and what causes it?. Spine.
Cited in Intervertebral disc, Spine
Adedoyin RA, Mbada CE, Farotimi AO et al. (2011). Endurance of low back musculature: normative data for adults. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation.
Cited in Back extension
Aderem J, Louw QA (2015). Biomechanical risk factors associated with iliotibial band syndrome in runners: a systematic review. BMC musculoskeletal disorders.
Cited in Iliotibial band, Iliotibial band syndrome
Adolfsson L (1994). Arthroscopic diagnosis of ligament lesions of the wrist. Journal of hand surgery (Edinburgh, Scotland).
Cited in Scapholunate ligament
Adolfsson L, Povlsen B (2004). Arthroscopic findings in wrists with severe post-traumatic pain despite normal standard radiographs. Journal of hand surgery (Edinburgh, Scotland).
Cited in Wrist sprain
Aerenhouts D, D'Hondt E (2020). Using Machines or Free Weights for Resistance Training in Novice Males? A Randomized Parallel Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
Cited in Free weights and machines
Afonso J, Rocha T, Nikolaidis PT et al. (2019). A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses Comparing Periodized and Non-periodized Exercise Programs: Why We Should Go Back to Original Research. Frontiers in physiology.
Cited in Progressive overload
Afonso J, Ramirez-Campillo R, Moscão J et al. (2021). Strength Training versus Stretching for Improving Range of Motion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland).
Cited in Stretching
Afonso J, Clemente FM, Nakamura FY et al. (2021). The Effectiveness of Post-exercise Stretching in Short-Term and Delayed Recovery of Strength, Range of Motion and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Frontiers in physiology.
Cited in Delayed-onset muscle soreness
Afonso J, Andrade R, Rocha-Rodrigues S et al. (2024). What We Do Not Know About Stretching in Healthy Athletes: A Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map from 300 Trials. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.).
Cited in PNF stretching
Aframian A, Smith TO, Tennent TD et al. (2017). Origin and insertion of the medial patellofemoral ligament: a systematic review of anatomy. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA.
Cited in Medial patellofemoral ligament
Afshar A, Tabrizi A, Shariyate MJ (2026). Dorsal scapular nerve entrapment: a systematic review. JSES reviews, reports, and techniques.
Agostinone P, Di Paolo S, Lucidi GA et al. (2024). Changes in the Elongation Pattern of the Medial Collateral Ligament During a Single-Leg Squat After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine.
Cited in Lateral collateral ligament, Medial collateral ligament, Single-leg squat
Agrawal A (2019). Musculoskeletal etymology: What's in a name?. Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma.
Cited in Scaphoid, Wrist joint
Agricola R, Heijboer MP, Ginai AZ et al. (2014). A cam deformity is gradually acquired during skeletal maturation in adolescent and young male soccer players. The American journal of sports medicine.
Cited in Femoroacetabular impingement
Agricola R, van Buuren MMA, Kemp JL et al. (2024). Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome in middle-aged individuals is strongly associated with the development of hip osteoarthritis within 10-year follow-up: a prospective cohort study (CHECK). British journal of sports medicine.
Cited in Femoroacetabular impingement
Aguirre K, Mudreac A, Kiel J (2023). Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Subscapularis Muscle. StatPearls.
Cited in Subscapularis
Ahearn BM, Starr HM, Seiler JG (2019). Traumatic Brachial Plexopathy in Athletes: Current Concepts for Diagnosis and Management of Stingers. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
Cited in Stinger
Ahmad A, Khorram R, Ghayyad K et al. (2025). Postoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug prophylaxis for elbow heterotopic ossification: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing COX-2 selective and nonselective inhibitors. JSES reviews, reports, and techniques.
Cited in Elbow stiffness
Ahmad Z, Siddiqui N, Malik SS et al. (2013). Lateral epicondylitis. The bone & joint journal.
Cited in Common extensor tendon
Ahmed AS, Graf AR, Karzon AL et al. (2022). Pectoralis minor syndrome - review of pathoanatomy, diagnosis, and management of the primary cause of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. JSES reviews, reports, and techniques.
Cited in Brachial plexus, Doorway pec stretch, Pectoralis minor, Pectoralis minor syndrome, Thoracic outlet syndrome
Ahn HS, Lee DH, Kazmi SZ et al. (2021). Familial Risk and Its Interaction With Body Mass Index and Physical Activity in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Among First-Degree Relatives: A Population-Based Cohort Study. The American journal of sports medicine.
Cited in ACL tear, Anterior cruciate ligament
Ahrend MD, Teunis T, Noser H et al. (2021). 3D computational anatomy of the scaphoid and its waist for use in fracture treatment. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research.
Cited in Scaphoid, Scaphoid fracture
Ahrens PM, Garlick NI, Barber J et al. (2017). The Clavicle Trial. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume.
Cited in Clavicle
Aird J, Cady R, Nagi H et al. (2006). The impact of wrist extension provocation on current perception thresholds in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: a pilot study. Journal of hand therapy : official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists.
Cited in Wrist flexor stretch
Ajimsha MS, Shenoy PD, Surendran PJ et al. (2022). Evidence of in-vivo myofascial force transfer in humans- a systematic scoping review. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies.
Cited in Fascia
Akagi R, Hinks A, Power GA (2020). Differential changes in muscle architecture and neuromuscular fatigability induced by isometric resistance training at short and long muscle-tendon unit lengths. Journal of Applied Physiology.
Cited in Tibialis raise
Akdemir Z, Özkan Z, Orak S et al. (2026). Shear wave elastography of the plantar fascia: A cross-sectional observational study in asymptomatic runners and sedentary controls. Medicine (Baltimore).
Cited in Fascia
Åkerlund I, Waldén M, Sonesson S et al. (2022). High compliance with the injury prevention exercise programme Knee Control is associated with a greater injury preventive effect in male, but not in female, youth floorball players. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA.
Cited in Neuromuscular warm-ups
Akhtar A, Richards J, Monga P (2021). The biomechanics of the rotator cuff in health and disease - A narrative review. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma.
Cited in Band external rotation, Rotator cuff tendons
Akisue T, Kurosaka M, Yoshiya S et al. (2001). Evaluation of healing of the injured posterior cruciate ligament. Arthroscopy.
Cited in Ligament, Posterior cruciate ligament
Akuzawa H, Imai A, Iizuka S et al. (2017). The influence of foot position on lower leg muscle activity during a heel raise exercise measured with fine-wire and surface EMG. Physical Therapy in Sport.
Cited in Achilles tendon, Calf raise, Peroneals
Al Attar WSA, Soomro N, Sinclair PJ et al. (2017). Effect of Injury Prevention Programs that Include the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Injury Rates in Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.).
Cited in Nordic hamstring curl
Al Attar WSA, Bakhsh JM, Khaledi EH et al. (2022). Injury prevention programs that include plyometric exercises reduce the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury: a systematic review of cluster randomised trials. Journal of physiotherapy.
Cited in Plyometric training
Al-Hayani A (2009). The functional anatomy of hip abductors. Folia Morphologica.
Cited in Gluteal tendons, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Tensor fasciae latae
Al-Khazali HM, Ashina H, Iljazi A et al. (2020). Neck pain and headache after whiplash injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain.
Cited in Whiplash
Al-Wardat M, Al Rjoub T, Alrawashdeh A et al. (2026). The effectiveness of psychological interventions on pain, disability, and psychological symptoms in whiplash-associated disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC psychology.
Cited in Whiplash
Alashkham A, Alraddadi A, Felts P et al. (2017). Blood supply and vascularity of the glenoid labrum: Its clinical implications. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong).
Cited in Shoulder labrum
Albarello JCDS, Cabral HV, Leitão BFM et al. (2022). Non-uniform excitation of pectoralis major induced by changes in bench press inclination leads to uneven variations in the cross-sectional area measured by panoramic ultrasonography. J Electromyogr Kinesiol.
Cited in Pectoralis major
Albazee E, Alsubaie HM, Hintze JM et al. (2024). The effectiveness of neck stretching exercises in alleviating neck pain and self-reported disability after thyroidectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Head & neck.
Cited in Upper trapezius stretch
Albers IS, Zwerver J, Diercks RL et al. (2016). Incidence and prevalence of lower extremity tendinopathy in a Dutch general practice population: a cross sectional study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.
Cited in Gluteal tendons
Albright AS, Chow AK, Kiritsis NR et al. (2026). Return to Sport Following Elbow Dislocation: A Systematic Review. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine.
Cited in Elbow dislocation
Albritton MJ, Graham RD, Richards RS 2nd et al. (2003). An anatomic study of the effects on the suprascapular nerve due to retraction of the supraspinatus muscle after a rotator cuff tear. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery.
Cited in Supraspinatus
Albuquerque Brandão MC, Palmieri DC, Oliveira Meireles VB et al. (2026). Lumbar multifidus layers stiffness during static stretching measured by shear wave elastography. Journal of biomechanics.
Cited in Child's pose, Knee-to-chest stretch
Alcaraz PE, Carlos-Vivas J, Oponjuru BO et al. (2018). The Effectiveness of Resisted Sled Training (RST) for Sprint Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.).
Cited in Sled push
Aldabe D, Hammer N, Flack NAMS et al. (2019). A systematic review of the morphology and function of the sacrotuberous ligament. Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.).
Cited in Sacroiliac joint
Aldrich EK, Sullivan K, Wingo JE et al. (2024). The Effect of Resisted Sprint Training on Acceleration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International journal of exercise science.
Cited in Sled push
Aleais DAS, Sullivan K, Ferreira P et al. (2022). Acute Dose-Response of Duration During the Isometric Forearm Plank Exercise on Muscle Thickness, Echo-Intensity, Peak Force, and Perception of Effort in Recreationally-Trained Participants. International Journal of Exercise Science.
Cited in Plank
Alentorn-Geli E, Samuelsson K, Musahl V et al. (2017). The Association of Recreational and Competitive Running With Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy.
Cited in Cartilage, Hip joint, Knee osteoarthritis
Alexander W, Low N, Pratt G (2018). Acute lumbar paraspinal compartment syndrome: a systematic review. ANZ Journal of Surgery.
Cited in Erector spinae
Alfaro-Santafé J, Gómez-Bernal A, Lanuza-Cerzócimo C et al. (2021). Effectiveness of Custom-Made Foot Orthoses vs. Heel-Lifts in Children with Calcaneal Apophysitis (Sever's Disease): A CONSORT-Compliant Randomized Trial. Children (Basel, Switzerland).
Cited in Sever's disease
Alfawaz S, Lohman E, Alameri M et al. (2020). Effect of adding stretching to standardized procedures on cervical range of motion, pain, and disability in patients with non-specific mechanical neck pain: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies.
Cited in Upper trapezius stretch
Alfredson H, Pietilä T, Jonsson P et al. (1998). Heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinosis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine.
Cited in Eccentric heel drop
Alghamdi AM, Alkulli OA, Faidah DE et al. (2025). Endoscopic Versus Open In situ Decompression of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 686 Cases. Annals of plastic surgery.
Cited in Cubital tunnel syndrome
AlHarbi Y (2023). Anatomical Variations in the Pectoralis Minor Muscle Origin and Insertion: A Systematic Review. Cureus.
Cited in Pectoralis minor
Ali AA, Ali Z, Eid A et al. (2026). Perineural Steroid Injections in Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus.
Cited in Cubital tunnel syndrome
Ali Ismail AM, Abd El-Azeim AS, El-Sayed Felaya EE (2024). Integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique versus spray and stretch technique in neck pain patients with upper trapezius trigger points: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy.
Cited in Upper trapezius stretch
Ali M, Eiriksdottir A, Murtadha M et al. (2020). Incidence of distal radius fracture in a general population in southern Sweden in 2016 compared with 2001. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA.
Cited in Distal radius
Alimoradi M, Sahebozamani M, Hosseini E et al. (2023). The Effect on Flexibility and a Variety of Performance Tests of the Addition of 4 Weeks of Soleus Stretching to a Regular Dynamic Stretching Routine in Amateur Female Soccer Players. Sports (Basel, Switzerland).
Cited in Soleus stretch
Alizadeh S, Rayner M, Mahmoud MMI et al. (2020). Push-Ups vs. Bench Press Differences in Repetitions and Muscle Activation between Sexes. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine.
Cited in Distal triceps tendon
Alizadehkhaiyat O, Hawkes DH, Kemp GJ et al. (2015). Electromyographic Analysis of the Shoulder Girdle Musculature During External Rotation Exercises. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine.
Cited in Band external rotation, Infraspinatus, Pectoralis major, Rhomboids, Subscapularis, Trapezius
Alkner BA, Tesch PA (2004). Knee extensor and plantar flexor muscle size and function following 90 days of bed rest with or without resistance exercise. European journal of applied physiology.
Cited in Gastrocnemius
Allahabadi S, Kwong JW, Pandya NK et al. (2023). Return to Play After Thumb Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries Managed Surgically in Athletes-A Systematic Review. Journal of hand surgery global online.
Cited in Skier's thumb
Allen CS, Flynn TW, Kardouni JR et al. (2004). The use of a pneumatic leg brace in soldiers with tibial stress fractures--a randomized clinical trial. Military medicine.
Cited in Stress fracture
Allen P, Pugh J, Blau A (2021). Case Study: Acute Lumbar Paraspinal Compartment Syndrome in an Austere Military Environment. Military medicine.
Cited in Kettlebell swing
Allison GT, Morris SL, Lay B (2008). Feedforward responses of transversus abdominis are directionally specific and act asymmetrically: implications for core stability theories. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy.
Cited in Transversus abdominis
Allison K, Vicenzino B, Wrigley TV et al. (2016). Hip Abductor Muscle Weakness in Individuals with Gluteal Tendinopathy. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise.
Cited in Gluteal tendons
Allison K, Bennell KL, Grimaldi A et al. (2016). Single leg stance control in individuals with symptomatic gluteal tendinopathy. Gait & Posture.
Cited in Gluteal tendons
Allison SJ, Folland JP, Rennie WJ et al. (2013). High impact exercise increased femoral neck bone mineral density in older men: a randomised unilateral intervention. Bone.
Cited in Pogo hops
Allison SJ, Brooke-Wavell K, Folland J (2018). High and odd impact exercise training improved physical function and fall risk factors in community-dwelling older men. Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions.
Cited in Pogo hops
Almajed YA, Hall AC, Gillingwater TH et al. (2022). Anatomical, functional and biomechanical review of the glenoid labrum. J Anat.
Cited in Shoulder dislocation, Shoulder joint, Shoulder labrum, SLAP tear
Almeida MO, Silva BN, Andriolo RB et al. (2013). Conservative interventions for treating exercise-related musculotendinous, ligamentous and osseous groin pain. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.
Cited in Adductor stretch, Athletic groin pain
Alonso-Calvete A, Lorenzo-Martínez M, Padrón-Cabo A et al. (2021). Effects of Copenhagen Adduction Exercise on the Architectural Characteristics of Adductors in U-17 Male Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of environmental research and public health.
Cited in Copenhagen adductor plank, Hip adductors
Alonso-Fernández D, Fernández-Rodríguez R, Taboada-Iglesias Y et al. (2022). Effects of Copenhagen Adduction Exercise on Muscle Architecture and Adductor Flexibility. International journal of environmental research and public health.
Cited in Adductor stretch, Copenhagen adductor plank, Hip adductors
Alotaibi A, Petrofsky J, Daher NS et al. (2020). The Effect of Monophasic Pulsed Current with Stretching Exercise on the Heel Pain and Plantar Fascia Thickness in Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland).
Cited in Plantar fascia stretch
Alqhtani RS, Ahmed H, Ghulam HSH et al. (2024). Efficacy of Core-Strengthening and Intensive Dynamic Back Exercises on Pain, Core Muscle Endurance, and Functional Disability in Patients with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Comparative Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine.
Cited in Dead bug
Alrabaa RG, Sonnenfeld J, Trofa D et al. (2019). Elbow Common Flexor Tendon Repair Technique. Arthroscopy techniques.
Cited in Common flexor tendon
Alshami AM, Babri AS, Souvlis T et al. (2007). Biomechanical evaluation of two clinical tests for plantar heel pain: the dorsiflexion-eversion test for tarsal tunnel syndrome and the windlass test for plantar fasciitis. Foot & ankle international.
Cited in Plantar fascia stretch, Tibial nerve
Alshami AM, Babri AS, Souvlis T et al. (2008). Strain in the tibial and plantar nerves with foot and ankle movements and the influence of adjacent joint positions. Journal of applied biomechanics.
Cited in Calf stretch, Plantar fascia stretch, Soleus stretch, Tibial nerve
Alsirhani AA, Muaidi QI, Nuhmani S et al. (2024). The effectiveness of the Copenhagen adduction exercise on improving eccentric hip adduction strength among soccer players with groin injury: a randomized controlled trial. The Physician and sportsmedicine.
Cited in Athletic groin pain, Copenhagen adductor plank
Altai Z, Hayford CF, Phillips ATM et al. (2024). Lower limb joint loading during high-impact activities: implication for bone health. JBMR plus.
Cited in Pogo hops
Altheyab A, Alqurashi H, England TJ et al. (2024). Cross-education of lower limb muscle strength following resistance exercise training in males and females: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Experimental Physiology.
Cited in Nerve
Altintas B, Anderson NL, Boykin R et al. (2019). Operative treatment of torsional humeral shaft fractures in throwers leads to an earlier return to sport: a survey of expert shoulder and elbow surgeons. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy.
Cited in Humeral shaft fracture
Altun A, Dixon S, Nunns M et al. (2025). How do neuromuscular characteristics of the peroneal muscles differ in adults with and without chronic ankle instability? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Gait & posture.
Cited in Peroneals
Alturki A, Almugren T, Alhandi A et al. (2026). Nerve Injuries After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Orthopedic reviews.
Cited in Sciatic nerve
Alvacite Cardenas D, Preston N (2025). Does strengthening the cervical spine musculature enhance neck strength and reduce sports-related concussions in rugby and football players? A systematic literature review. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies.
Cited in Neck isometric hold, Sternocleidomastoid
Alvarez RG, Marini A, Schmitt C et al. (2006). Stage I and II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction treated by a structured nonoperative management protocol: an orthosis and exercise program. Foot & ankle international.
Cited in Tibialis posterior tendon
Alves C, Mendes D, Marques FB (2019). Fluoroquinolones and the risk of tendon injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.
Cited in Achilles tendon rupture
Alves D, Matta T, Oliveira L (2018). Effect of shoulder position on triceps brachii heads activity in dumbbell elbow extension exercises. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness.
Cited in Free weights and machines, Triceps extension
Alway P, Brooke-Wavell K, Langley B et al. (2019). Incidence and prevalence of lumbar stress fracture in English County Cricket fast bowlers, association with bowling workload and seasonal variation. BMJ open sport & exercise medicine.
Cited in Lumbar vertebrae
Alway P, Peirce N, King M et al. (2019). Lumbar bone mineral asymmetry in elite cricket fast bowlers. Bone.
Cited in Lumbar vertebrae
Amabile AH, Bolte JH, Richter SD (2017). Atrophy of gluteus maximus among women with a history of chronic low back pain. PLoS One.
Cited in Gluteus maximus
Amarasooriya M, Bain GI, Roper T et al. (2020). Complications After Distal Biceps Tendon Repair: A Systematic Review. American Journal of Sports Medicine.
Cited in Distal biceps tendon
American College of Sports Medicine (2009). Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adults. Medicine and science in sports and exercise.
Cited in Progressive overload, Resistance training, Rest
Amin NH, Kumar NS, Schickendantz MS (2015). Medial epicondylitis. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
Cited in Common flexor tendon, Forearm flexors
Amiri Arimi S, Mohseni Bandpei MA, Javanshir K et al. (2017). The Effect of Different Exercise Programs on Size and Function of Deep Cervical Flexor Muscles in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation.
Cited in Neck isometric hold
Ammar A, Riemann BL, Abdelkarim O et al. (2020). Effect of 2- vs. 3-Minute Interrepetition Rest Period on Maximal Clean Technique and Performance. Journal of strength and conditioning research.
Cited in Power clean
Ammi M, Péret M, Henni S et al. (2018). Frequency of the Pectoralis Minor Compression Syndrome in Patients Treated for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. Annals of Vascular Surgery.
Cited in Pectoralis minor syndrome
An VV, Sivakumar BS, Phan K et al. (2016). A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and patient-reported outcomes following two procedures for recurrent traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder: Latarjet procedure vs. Bankart repair. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery.
Cited in Shoulder dislocation
Anakwe RE, Middleton SD, Jenkins PJ et al. (2011). Patient-reported outcomes after simple dislocation of the elbow. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.
Cited in Elbow joint
Anand Prakash A (2020). Anatomy of Ankle Syndesmotic Ligaments: A Systematic Review of Cadaveric Studies. Foot & ankle specialist.
Cited in Ankle syndesmosis
Andersen CH, Andersen LL, Gram B et al. (2012). Influence of frequency and duration of strength training for effective management of neck and shoulder pain: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Sports Medicine.
Cited in Free weights and machines, Shrug, Trapezius
Andersen CH, Andersen LL, Zebis MK et al. (2014). Effect of scapular function training on chronic pain in the neck/shoulder region: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation.
Cited in Trapezius
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Cited in Trapezius
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Cited in Achilles tendon, Calf raise, Eccentric heel drop, Gluteal tendons, Isometric training, Patellar tendon, Plyometric training, Proximal hamstring tendon, Tendinopathy, Tendon, Tibialis anterior tendon, Tibialis posterior tendon, Tibialis raise
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Cited in Ankle sprain, Lateral ankle ligaments, Single-leg squat
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Cited in Neck pain
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Cited in Whiplash
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Cited in Nerve, Tibialis raise
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Cited in Levator scapulae, Rhomboids, Shrug
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Cited in External oblique, Internal oblique, Rectus abdominis
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Cited in Triangular fibrocartilage complex
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Cited in Turf toe
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Cited in Ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb, Wrist joint, Wrist sprain
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Cited in Ankle joint, Ankle sprain, Drop landing, Lateral ankle ligaments, Peroneals
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Cited in Kettlebell training
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Cited in Articular cartilage, Femur, Hip adductors
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Cited in Calcaneus
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Cited in Sacroiliac joint pain
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Cited in Elbow dislocation
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Cited in Blood flow restriction training
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Cited in Acromioclavicular joint, Shoulder joint
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Cited in Distal radius, Distal radius fracture
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Cited in Pectoralis major
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Cited in Muscle, Progressive overload
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Cited in Elbow UCL tear
Chen DW, Li B, Aubeeluck A et al. (2014). Anatomy and biomechanical properties of the plantar aponeurosis: a cadaveric study. PloS one.
Cited in Plantar fascia
Chen H, Liu D, Shen J (2026). Effects of progressive-versus constant-intensity high-intensity functional training on health-related physical fitness in untrained female university students: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness.
Cited in Burpee, Mountain climber
Chen HT, Wu HJ, Chen YJ et al. (2018). Effects of 8-week kettlebell training on body composition, muscle strength, pulmonary function, and chronic low-grade inflammation in elderly women with sarcopenia. Experimental gerontology.
Cited in Kettlebell training
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Cited in Elbow dislocation, Elbow stiffness
Chen LC, Ho TY, Shen YP et al. (2020). Perineural Dextrose and Corticosteroid Injections for Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow: A Randomized Double-blind Trial. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.
Cited in Cubital tunnel syndrome
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Cited in Listening to your body
Chen S, Zhang C, Jiang B et al. (2023). Comparison of Conservative Treatment and Surgery Treatment for Acute Scaphoid Fracture: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. World journal of surgery.
Cited in Scaphoid fracture
Chen TC, Yang TJ, Huang MJ et al. (2019). Damage and the repeated bout effect of arm, leg, and trunk muscles induced by eccentric resistance exercises. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports.
Cited in Biceps brachii, Eccentric training, Erector spinae, Hamstrings
Chen W, Cloosterman KLA, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA et al. (2024). Epidemiology of insertional and midportion Achilles tendinopathy in runners: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Sport and Health Science.
Cited in Achilles tendon
Chen WA, Luo TD, Wigton MD et al. (2018). Anatomical Factors Contributing to Radial Nerve Excursion at the Brachium: A Cadaveric Study. The Journal of hand surgery.
Cited in Radial nerve
Chen Y, Wang Y, Xiao H et al. (2024). Age Is a Key Factor Influencing the Choice of Treatment for Primary Patellar Dislocation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Orthopaedic surgery.
Cited in Patellar dislocation
Chen Y, Huang S, Shen P et al. (2025). Forearm rotation and elbow angle differentially modulate biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscle stiffness and EMG activity during low-load isometric contractions: a cross-sectional study in healthy individuals. BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation.
Cited in Biceps brachii
Chen YH, Lin CR, Liang WA et al. (2020). Motor control integrated into muscle strengthening exercises has more effects on scapular muscle activities and joint range of motion before initiation of radiotherapy in oral cancer survivors with neck dissection: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One.
Cited in Shrug
Chen Z, Baker NA (2021). Effectiveness of eccentric strengthening in the treatment of lateral elbow tendinopathy: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of hand therapy : official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists.
Cited in Wrist extension
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Cited in Concussion
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Cited in Ankle joint, Articular cartilage
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Cited in Delayed-onset muscle soreness
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Cited in ACL tear, Anterior cruciate ligament
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Cited in Triangular fibrocartilage complex
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Cited in Pectoralis minor syndrome, Thoracic outlet syndrome
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Cited in Achilles tendon rupture
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Cited in Disc herniation
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Cited in Wrist sprain
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Cited in Tibialis anterior, Tibialis anterior tendon
Cho CH, Hwang I, Seo JS et al. (2014). Reliability of the classification and treatment of dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery.
Cited in AC joint dislocation (AC separation)
Cho CH, Lee YH, Kim DH et al. (2020). Definition, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis of Frozen Shoulder: A Consensus Survey of Shoulder Specialists. Clinics in orthopedic surgery.
Cited in Frozen shoulder
Cho D, Saetia K, Lee S et al. (2011). Peroneal nerve injury associated with sports-related knee injury. Neurosurgical focus.
Cited in Common fibular nerve
Cho D, Kukadia S, Josephson B et al. (2025). Return to Sport and Radiographic Postoperative Outcomes After Grade 3 Turf Toe Surgical Repair. The American journal of sports medicine.
Cited in Turf toe
Cho J, Lee E, Lee S (2017). Upper thoracic spine mobilization and mobility exercise versus upper cervical spine mobilization and stabilization exercise in individuals with forward head posture: a randomized clinical trial. BMC musculoskeletal disorders.
Cited in Upper back stretch
Cho KH, Jin ZW, Abe H et al. (2018). Tensor fasciae latae muscle in human embryos and foetuses with special reference to its contribution to the development of the iliotibial tract. Folia Morphologica.
Cited in Tensor fasciae latae
Cho M (2015). The effects of bridge exercise with the abdominal drawing-in maneuver on an unstable surface on the abdominal muscle thickness of healthy adults. Journal of Physical Therapy Science.
Cited in Glute bridge hold
Cho TH, Hong JE, Yang HM (2023). Neuromuscular compartmentation of the subscapularis muscle and its clinical implication for botulinum neurotoxin injection. Scientific Reports.
Cited in Subscapularis
Choi CW, Koo JW, Jeong YG (2020). Comparison of Trunk Muscle Activity During Modified Side-Bridge Exercises and Traditional Side Bridge Exercise. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation.
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Cited in Adductor longus tendon, Adductor stretch
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Cited in Back squat, Gastrocnemius, Hamstrings, Knee joint, Posterior cruciate ligament, Quadriceps
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Cited in Hamstrings, Posterior cruciate ligament, Quadriceps, Wall sit
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Cited in Burpee, Erector spinae, External oblique, Latissimus dorsi, Mountain climber, Plank, Quadriceps, Rectus abdominis
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Cited in ACL tear, Anterior cruciate ligament, Posterior cruciate ligament
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Cited in Progressive overload
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Cited in Growth-plate injuries, Muscle
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Cited in Deep neck flexors, Scalenes
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Cited in Scalenes
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Cited in Deep neck flexors, Neck isometric hold
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Cited in Peroneals
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Cited in Shoulder dislocation
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Cited in Quadriceps contusion
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Cited in Subscapularis
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Cited in Back squat, Biceps curl, Hip adductors
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Cited in Calf raise
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Cited in Split squat
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Cited in Biceps curl
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Cited in Muscle, Progressive overload, Triceps extension
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Cited in Posterior cruciate ligament
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Cited in Bursitis
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Cited in Levator scapulae
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Cited in Cross-body stretch, Sleeper stretch
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Cited in Tensor fasciae latae
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Cited in Power clean
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Cited in Sled push
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Cited in Scaphoid, Scaphoid fracture
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Cited in Soleus stretch, Tibial nerve
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Cited in Stinger
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Cited in Stretching
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Cited in PNF stretching
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Cited in Piriformis syndrome
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Cited in Humerus, Sleeper stretch
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Cited in Stinger
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Cited in Achilles tendon rupture
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Cited in Nordic hamstring curl
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Cited in External oblique, Internal oblique
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Cited in Carpal tunnel syndrome
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Cited in Carpal tunnel syndrome, Median nerve, Wrist flexor stretch
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Cited in Peroneals
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Cited in Upper back stretch
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Cited in Shoulder joint, Sleeper stretch
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Cited in Thoracic outlet syndrome
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Cited in Muscle
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Cited in Distal radius
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Cited in Common extensor tendon
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Cited in Glute bridge hold
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Cited in Back extension
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Cited in Hip labrum
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Cited in Foot muscles
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Cited in Foot muscles
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Cited in Foot muscles, Plantar fascia, Running
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Cited in Foot muscles
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Cited in Distal biceps tendon
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Cited in Ankle sprain
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Cited in Femoroacetabular impingement
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Cited in Sprinting
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Cited in Hip thrust
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Cited in Deep neck flexors
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Cited in Pectoralis minor
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Cited in Overtraining
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Cited in Free weights and machines, Wrist curl
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Cited in Free weights and machines, Resistance training
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Cited in Plantar fascia
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Cited in Hip flexor strain
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Cited in Sciatic nerve
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Cited in Medial patellofemoral ligament
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Cited in Free weights and machines, Resistance training
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Cited in Concussion
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Cited in Hip flexor stretch
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Cited in Articular cartilage
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Cited in Foot muscles, Pogo hops
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Cited in Patellofemoral pain
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Cited in Patellofemoral pain
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Cited in Infraspinatus, Supraspinatus
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Cited in Peroneals
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Cited in PNF stretching
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Cited in Ankle joint
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Cited in Burpee, Chronic exertional compartment syndrome, Peroneal tendons, Peroneals
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Cited in Achilles tendon rupture
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Cited in Achilles tendon
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Cited in Distal triceps tendon, Triceps brachii, Triceps extension
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Cited in Elbow dislocation
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Cited in Elbow stiffness
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Cited in Upper back stretch
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Cited in Distal radius
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Cited in Erector spinae, Glute bridge hold, Gluteus maximus, Multifidus, Tensor fasciae latae
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Cited in Single-leg squat
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Cited in Sacroiliac joint
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Cited in ACL tear, Anterior cruciate ligament, Articular cartilage, Drop landing, Ligament
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Cited in Scapula
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Cited in Rhomboids
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Cited in Sacroiliac joint
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Cited in Sacroiliac joint pain
Kida Y, Morihara T, Kotoura Y et al. (2014). Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Humeral Capitellum Among Adolescent Baseball Players. The American journal of sports medicine.
Cited in Elbow joint
Kidgell DJ, Frazer AK, Daly RM et al. (2015). Increased cross-education of muscle strength and reduced corticospinal inhibition following eccentric strength training. Neuroscience.
Cited in Wrist curl
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Cited in Clavicle
Kikuchi N, Nakazato K (2017). Low-load bench press and push-up induce similar muscle hypertrophy and strength gain. J Exerc Sci Fit.
Cited in Pectoralis major, Push-up
Kikukawa K, Ide J, Kikuchi K et al. (2014). Hypertrophic changes of the teres minor muscle in rotator cuff tears: quantitative evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery.
Cited in Teres minor
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Cited in Teres minor
Kilduff LP, Bevan H, Owen N et al. (2007). Optimal loading for peak power output during the hang power clean in professional rugby players. International journal of sports physiology and performance.
Cited in Power clean
Kilen A, Bay J, Bejder J et al. (2020). Impact of low-volume concurrent strength training distribution on muscular adaptation. Journal of science and medicine in sport.
Cited in Pull-up
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Cited in Clavicle
Kilroe SP, Fulford J, Jackman SR et al. (2020). Temporal Muscle-specific Disuse Atrophy during One Week of Leg Immobilization. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.
Cited in Hamstrings, Quadriceps
Kim C, Park D (2026). The Effects of Thoracic Flexibility Exercise on Pain, Range of Motion, Spinal Alignment, Proprioception, and Neck Disability Index in Neck Pain Patients with Forward Head Posture: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania).
Cited in Upper back stretch
Kim CR, Park DK, Lee ST et al. (2016). Electromyographic Changes in Trunk Muscles During Graded Lumbar Stabilization Exercises. PM&R.
Kim DH, Murovic JA, Tiel R et al. (2004). Management and outcomes in 353 surgically treated sciatic nerve lesions. Journal of neurosurgery.
Cited in Sciatic nerve
Kim ES, Jo ED, Han GS (2023). Effects of stretching intervention on musculoskeletal pain in dental professionals. Journal of occupational health.
Cited in Upper trapezius stretch
Kim H, Kim WK, Kim YS et al. (2021). Morphologic classification and innervation patterns of the pectineus muscle. Anatomical science international.
Cited in Femoral nerve, Hip adductors
Kim J, Jeon Y, Eom K (2026). Biomechanical analysis of single leg deadlift under the effect of instability. Scientific Reports.
Cited in Balance training, Single-leg Romanian deadlift, Tibialis anterior
Kim JH, Yang SW, Ham HJ et al. (2019). Tendon Subluxation After Surgical Release of the First Dorsal Compartment in De Quervain Disease. Annals of plastic surgery.
Cited in First dorsal compartment tendons
Kim JS, Kim MS, Kim DK et al. (2023). Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of a Lateral Ligament Injury in Acute Ankle Sprains Among Athletes. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine.
Cited in Deltoid ligament
Kim JY, Chung SW, Kim JH et al. (2016). A Randomized Trial Among Compression Plus Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs, Aspiration, and Aspiration With Steroid Injection for Nonseptic Olecranon Bursitis. Clinical orthopaedics and related research.
Cited in Bursitis
Kim KM, Kim JS, Cruz-Díaz D et al. (2019). Changes in Spinal and Corticospinal Excitability in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Journal of clinical medicine.
Cited in Peroneals
Kim R, Wiest C, Clark K et al. (2018). Identifying risk factors for first-episode neck pain: A systematic review. Musculoskeletal science & practice.
Cited in Neck pain
Kim S, Park J, Her J (2023). Comparison of Muscle Activity and Muscle Thickness According to Knee Flexion Angle during Supine Bridge Exercises using the Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver on an Unstable Surface. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine.
Cited in Glute bridge hold, Hamstrings
Kim S, Suh JH, Ryu JS (2026). Differential Activation of the Multifidus and Erector Spinae During Asymmetric Spinal Stabilizing Exercise in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.
Cited in Bird dog
Kim S, Burland JP, Morgan KD et al. (2026). Superficial and Deep Gluteal Muscle Activation During Common Therapeutic Exercises: A Muscle Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis. Sports Health.
Cited in Deep hip rotators, Side-lying hip abduction
Kim SC, Yoo SJ, Jo JH et al. (2024). The impact of supraspinatus tear on subscapularis muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow.
Cited in Subscapularis
Kim SH, Kwon OY, Park KN et al. (2015). Lower extremity strength and the range of motion in relation to squat depth. Journal of human kinetics.
Cited in Soleus stretch
Kim SY, Boynton EL, Ravichandiran K et al. (2007). Three-dimensional study of the musculotendinous architecture of supraspinatus and its functional correlations. Clinical Anatomy.
Cited in Supraspinatus
Kim SY, Sachdeva R, Li Z et al. (2015). Change in the Pathologic Supraspinatus: A Three-Dimensional Model of Fiber Bundle Architecture within Anterior and Posterior Regions. BioMed Research International.
Cited in Supraspinatus
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Cited in Supraspinatus
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Cited in Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus
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Cited in Distal radius, Distal radius fracture
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Cited in First dorsal compartment tendons, Isometric training, Plyometric training, Pogo hops, Resistance training, Tendon
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Cited in Band external rotation, Rotator cuff tendons
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Cited in Bursitis
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Cited in Ankle sprain, Calcaneus, Lateral ankle ligaments
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Cited in Long thoracic nerve
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Cited in Hamstring stretch
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Cited in Calf stretch, Soleus stretch, Tibialis posterior tendon
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Cited in Listening to your body
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Cited in Wall sit
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Cited in Plantar heel pain
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Cited in Upper back stretch
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Cited in Concussion
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Cited in Concussion
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Cited in Concussion
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Cited in Ribs
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Cited in Upper trapezius stretch
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Cited in Common extensor tendon, Common flexor tendon
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Cited in Decline squat, Gastrocnemius, Tibialis anterior
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Cited in Deadlift, Glute bridge hold, Gluteus maximus, Good morning, Hamstrings, Proximal hamstring tendon, Single-leg Romanian deadlift
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Cited in Patellar dislocation
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Cited in Distal triceps tendon
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Cited in First dorsal compartment tendons
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Cited in Plantar fascia
Lee J, El-Daou H, Alkoheji M et al. (2021). Ligamentous and capsular restraints to anterior-posterior and superior-inferior laxity of the acromioclavicular joint: a biomechanical study. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery.
Cited in Acromioclavicular joint
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Cited in Lunge
Lee J, Chung JI, Yun Y et al. (2026). Return to duty after suture anchor repair of thumb metacarpophalangeal ulnar collateral ligament injuries in active duty soldiers. Injury.
Cited in Skier's thumb
Lee JH, Cynn HS, Choi SA et al. (2013). Effects of different hip rotations on gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae muscle activity during isometric side-lying hip abduction. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation.
Cited in Side-lying hip abduction
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Cited in Side-lying hip abduction
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Lee JH, Jang KM, Kim E et al. (2021). Static and Dynamic Quadriceps Stretching Exercises in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sports health.
Cited in Patellofemoral pain, Quadriceps stretch
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Cited in Decline squat, Quadriceps, Wall sit
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Cited in Cubital tunnel syndrome
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Cited in Extensor carpi ulnaris tendon
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Cited in Hamstring strain, Sciatic nerve
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Cited in Acromioclavicular joint
Lee MH, Chung CB, Cho JH et al. (2006). Tibialis anterior tendon and extensor retinaculum: imaging in cadavers and patients with tendon tear. AJR. American journal of roentgenology.
Cited in Tibialis anterior tendon
Lee S, Song K, Lee SY (2022). Epidemiological study of post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis after ankle sprain in 195,393 individuals over middle age using the National Health Insurance Database: A retrospective design. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport.
Cited in Ankle joint, Ankle sprain
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Cited in Teres minor
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Cited in First dorsal compartment tendons
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Cited in Box jump
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Cited in Proximal hamstring tendon
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Cited in Eccentric training, Wrist extension, Wrist extensor stretch
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Cited in Nerve, Resistance training
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Cited in Skier's thumb
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Cited in Barbell row, Dead hang, Farmer's carry, Humerus, Latissimus dorsi, Long thoracic nerve, Pelvis, Pull-up
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Cited in Rhomboids
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Cited in Bench press, Distal triceps tendon, Pectoralis major tendon
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Cited in Wrist flexor stretch
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Cited in Calcaneus
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Cited in Erector spinae, Gluteus maximus, Hamstrings
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Cited in Brachialis
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Cited in Achilles tendon rupture
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Cited in Tibialis anterior tendon
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Cited in Detraining
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Cited in Spondylolysis
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Cited in Plantar fascia
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Cited in Blood flow restriction training
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Cited in Quadriceps contusion
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Cited in Box jump, Power clean
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Cited in Clavicle
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Cited in Brachialis
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Cited in Deltoid ligament
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Cited in Shoulder joint
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Cited in ACL tear, Drop landing
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Cited in Sciatica
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Cited in Shoulder dislocation
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Cited in Balance training
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Cited in Balance training
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Cited in Resistance training
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Cited in Deep hip rotators
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Cited in Sternocleidomastoid
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Cited in Brachialis
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Cited in Kettlebell swing, Kettlebell training
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Cited in Kettlebell swing
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Cited in Long head of biceps tendon
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Cited in Rotator cuff tendons
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Cited in Knee-to-chest stretch
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Cited in Overtraining
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Cited in Hip flexor stretch, Quadriceps stretch
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Cited in Deep hip rotators
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Lezak B, Varacallo MA (2026). Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Distal Tibiofibular Joint (Tibiofibular Syndesmosis). StatPearls.
Cited in Ankle syndesmosis
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Cited in Common fibular nerve, Standing shin stretch, Tibialis anterior, Tibialis anterior tendon
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Cited in Metatarsals
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Cited in Dip, Overhead press
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Cited in Common flexor tendon, Forearm flexors
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Cited in Spondylolysis
Li J, Chen Z, Xu K et al. (2026). Comparison of Variable Resistance and Free Weight Training on Long-Term and Acute Effects on Different Assessments of Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.
Cited in Elastic resistance training
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Cited in Long thoracic nerve
Li NY, Goodman AD, Lemme NJ et al. (2019). Epidemiology of Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries in Throwing Versus Contact Athletes of the National Collegiate Athletic Association: Analysis of the 2009-2010 to 2013-2014 Seasons. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine.
Cited in Elbow UCL tear, Ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow
Li Q, Yan J, Qiao M et al. (2025). Eight-week lat pull-down resistance training with joint instability leads to superior pull-up endurance performance and reduced antagonist coactivation in recreationally active male college students. European journal of sport science.
Cited in Pull-up
Li R, Sun C, Qi P et al. (2025). Return-to-sport rate and time in elite athletes after ankle syndesmosis injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research.
Cited in Ankle syndesmosis
Li S, Kociolek AM, Loh PY (2026). Characterizing median nerve deformation and recovery processes in response to repeated isometric wrist torque exertions. PeerJ.
Cited in Carpal tunnel syndrome, Median nerve, Wrist curl
Li X, Gorman MT, Dines JS et al. (2012). Isolated tear of the pectoralis minor tendon in a high school football player. Orthopedics.
Cited in Pectoralis minor
Li Y, Luo Y, Peng J et al. (2024). Clinical effect of operative vs nonoperative treatment on humeral shaft fractures: Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. World Journal of Orthopedics.
Cited in Humeral shaft fracture, Humerus
Li Y, Zhang X, Xu X et al. (2025). The Morphology and Composition of Paravertebral Muscles Evaluated by MRI Technology are Used to Predict Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Academic Radiology.
Cited in Quadratus lumborum
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Cited in ACL tear
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Cited in Delayed-onset muscle soreness, Sled push
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Cited in Patellar tendon
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Cited in Single-leg Romanian deadlift
Liang SG, Chow JCM, Leung NM et al. (2025). The Effects of Ankle and Foot Exercises on Ankle Strength, Balance, and Falls in Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Physical Therapy.
Cited in Tibialis raise
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Cited in Back squat, Listening to your body
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Cited in Specificity, Split squat
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Cited in Shoulder joint
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Cited in Balance training
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Cited in Achilles tendon, Plyometric training, Pogo hops
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Cited in Gastrocnemius
Lie MM, Risberg MA, Storheim K et al. (2019). What's the rate of knee osteoarthritis 10 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury? An updated systematic review. British journal of sports medicine.
Cited in Knee osteoarthritis
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Cited in Gluteus maximus, Running
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Cited in Gluteal tendons
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Cited in Scapholunate ligament
Lim W, Han F (2022). Symptomatic Unilateral Triceps Medial Head Snapping and Subluxating Ulnar Nerve without Neuropathy after Push-Ups: A Case Report. Malaysian orthopaedic journal.
Cited in Push-up, Ulnar nerve
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Cited in Push-up
Lima YL, Ferreira VMLM, de Paula Lima PO et al. (2018). The association of ankle dorsiflexion and dynamic knee valgus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physical therapy in sport : official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine.
Cited in Soleus stretch
Lima YL, Collings TJ, Hall M et al. (2024). Injury Prevention Programmes Fail to Change Most Lower Limb Kinematics and Kinetics in Female Team Field and Court Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.).
Cited in Drop landing, Neuromuscular warm-ups, Plyometric training
Lin B, Bartlett J, Lloyd TD et al. (2022). Multiple iliopsoas tendons: a cadaveric study and treatment implications for internal snapping hip syndrome. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery.
Cited in Hip flexors
Lin CC, Patel NA, Itami Y et al. (2019). Biomechanical Analysis of Thumb Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear Kinematics. Hand (New York, N.Y.).
Lin F, Kohli N, Perlmutter S et al. (2007). Muscle contribution to elbow joint valgus stability. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery.
Cited in Common flexor tendon, Forearm flexors, Ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow
Lin JZ, Chiu WY, Tai WH et al. (2021). Ankle Muscle Activations during Different Foot-Strike Patterns in Running. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland).
Cited in Tibialis anterior
Lin LH, Lin TY, Chang KV et al. (2023). Neural Mobilization for Reducing Pain and Disability in Patients with Lumbar Radiculopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life (Basel).
Cited in Nerve flossing
Lin LH, Lin TY, Chang KV et al. (2024). Effectiveness of Lumbar Segmental Stabilization Exercises in Managing Disability and Pain Intensity Among Patients With Lumbar Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis. Spine.
Cited in Spondylolysis
Lin MT, Liu IC, Chang HP et al. (2023). Impaired median nerve mobility in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Radiology.
Cited in Median nerve, Wrist flexor stretch
Lin Q, Zhang Y, Qin J et al. (2024). Effects of Low-Load Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Volume After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine.
Cited in Blood flow restriction training
Lin S, Cheng M, Yi X et al. (2026). Acute and long-term effects of hip thrust training on athletic performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ.
Cited in Hip thrust
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Cited in Dip, Distal triceps tendon, Elbow joint, Infraspinatus, Shoulder joint, Triceps brachii
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Cited in ACL tear, Anterior cruciate ligament, Drop landing, Single-leg squat
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Cited in ACL tear, Drop landing, Ligament
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Cited in Free weights and machines, Growth-plate injuries, Power clean
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Cited in Hamstrings, Quadriceps, Quadriceps stretch
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Cited in Hip flexor strain
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Cited in Copenhagen adductor plank, Delayed-onset muscle soreness, Hip adductors
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Cited in Bird dog, Internal oblique
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Cited in Fascia
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Cited in ACL tear, Anterior cruciate ligament, Ligament
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Cited in Back squat, Deadlift, Glute bridge hold, Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Hip thrust
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Cited in ACL tear, Anterior cruciate ligament, Cartilage, Knee joint, Menisci of the knee, Meniscus tear
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Cited in Back squat, Bird dog, Deadlift, Figure-4 stretch, Glute bridge hold, Gluteal tendons, Gluteus maximus, Hamstrings, Hip thrust, Lunge, Patellofemoral pain, Side plank, Single-leg Romanian deadlift, Sled push, Split squat, Step-up, Wall sit
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Cited in Calf strain
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Cited in Bird dog
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Cited in Bird dog, Glute bridge hold, Side plank
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Cited in Sacroiliac joint
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Cited in Hip flexor stretch
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Cited in Back squat, Decline squat, Drop landing, Patellar tendon, Plyometric training, Single-leg squat, Step-up
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Cited in Adductor longus tendon, Hip adductors
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Cited in Hip flexor strain, Hip flexors, Muscle strain, Tensor fasciae latae
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Cited in Common extensor tendon, Wrist extension
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Cited in Stress fracture
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Cited in Single-leg squat
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Cited in Triceps brachii
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Cited in Neuromuscular warm-ups
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Cited in Hip adductors
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Cited in Patellar tendon, Quadriceps, Quadriceps tendon
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Cited in Elastic resistance training
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Cited in Wrist extension, Wrist extensor stretch
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Cited in Low back pain
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Cited in Peroneal tendons, Peroneals
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Cited in Achilles tendon, Achilles tendon rupture
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Cited in Gluteal tendons, Gluteus minimus
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Cited in Gluteal tendons
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Cited in Blood flow restriction training
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Cited in Listening to your body
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Cited in Split squat
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Cited in Hamstring strain
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Cited in Turf toe
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Cited in Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, Teres minor
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Cited in Erector spinae, Multifidus
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Cited in Ankle joint, Gastrocnemius, Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Soleus, Tibialis anterior
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Cited in Tibia
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Cited in Bone, Humeral shaft fracture, Humerus
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Cited in Bone, Metatarsals, Navicular, Tibia
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Cited in Cervical vertebrae, Doorway pec stretch, Upper back stretch
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Cited in Ankle sprain, Lateral ankle ligaments
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Cited in Bench press, Infraspinatus, Rotator cuff tendons, Subscapularis, Supraspinatus
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Cited in Kettlebell swing
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Cited in Back squat, Free weights and machines, Patellar tendon
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Cited in Eccentric heel drop, Eccentric training, Gastrocnemius, Soleus
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Cited in Adductor longus tendon, Athletic groin pain, Hip adductors, Hip flexor strain
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Cited in Stretching
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Cited in Adductor longus tendon, Hip adductors, Hip flexor strain
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